FPGEE for National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) Practice Exam

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What statistical method tests the association between two categorical variables?

Chi-square test
F-test
t-test
ANOVA

The correct answer is: Chi-square test

The chi-square test is the appropriate statistical method for examining the association between two categorical variables. This test evaluates whether the distribution of sample categorical data matches an expected distribution, allowing researchers to determine if there is a significant relationship between the variables. In practical terms, the chi-square test assesses how likely it is that an observed distribution in the data occurred by chance, under the assumption that there is no association between the variables. For instance, it can be used to analyze survey results where respondents' selections of categories (like yes/no or different brand preferences) are compared across different groups. In contrast, the F-test, t-test, and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) are designed for continuous data or comparing means across groups, which makes them unsuitable for analyzing relationships between categorical variables. The F-test is used to compare variances across groups, the t-test is used to compare the means between two groups, and ANOVA is used when comparing means across three or more groups. Thus, the chi-square test stands out as the essential tool for exploring associations between categorical variables.